The PIC16F874-10E/PQ is a microcontroller unit (MCU) manufactured by Microchip Technology. It belongs to the PIC16F family of 8-bit MCUs and is programmed using Microchip's proprietary instruction set architecture (ISA). Here is an overview and key features of the PIC16F874-10E/PQ:
1. Architecture: The PIC16F874-10E/PQ is based on the Harvard architecture, which features separate buses for program memory and data memory. It has a 14-bit instruction word size, allowing for a compact and efficient code execution.
2. Central Processing Unit (CPU): The MCU is equipped with a powerful CPU that operates at a maximum frequency of 10 MHz. It supports a wide range of instructions, including bitwise operations, arithmetic operations, and branching instructions.
3. Program Memory: The PIC16F874-10E/PQ has a 8 KB flash program memory, which is non-volatile and can retain the program even in the absence of power. It allows for easy in-system programming and supports up to 100,000 erase/write cycles.
4. Data Memory: The MCU provides 368 bytes of Random Access Memory (RAM) for variable storage. It also features a Special Function Register (SFR) space, which includes various control and status registers for configuring system peripherals.
5. I/O Ports: The MCU offers a total of 22 General Purpose Input/Output (GPIO) pins, organized into three I/O ports - PORTA, PORTB, and PORTC. These pins can be individually configured as inputs or outputs to connect with external devices.
6. Timers and Counters: The PIC16F874-10E/PQ includes three 8-bit timers/counters, namely Timer0, Timer1, and Timer2. These modules can be used for generating time delays, generating precision PWM signals, or capturing external events.
7. Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC): This MCU integrates an 8-channel, 10-bit ADC module, which allows for the conversion of analog signals into digital values. It provides a reliable and accurate way to interface with analog sensors or inputs.
8. Serial Communication: The MCU supports both synchronous and asynchronous serial communication protocols. It includes a Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter (UART) module and a Synchronous Serial Port (SSP) module, which enables communication with external devices or other microcontrollers.
9. Interrupt System: The PIC16F874-10E/PQ features a flexible interrupt system that can handle both internal and external interrupts. It supports low-power wake-up from sleep mode and offers multiple priority levels for efficient interrupt handling.
10. Power-Saving Options: The MCU incorporates several power-saving features to optimize energy consumption. It includes a variety of sleep modes where the clock source or peripherals can be selectively disabled or slowed down to conserve power.
Overall, the PIC16F874-10E/PQ microcontroller is a versatile and feature-rich device for a wide range of embedded applications. With its robust architecture, extensive memory options, and numerous peripheral modules, it can be used in various projects requiring intelligent control and data processing capabilities.
